Part J7 Artificial lighting and power

J7D1

Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions

2019: J6.0

(1) Where a Deemed-to-Satisfy Solution is proposed, Performance Requirements J1P1 to J1P4 are satisfied by complying with—

J2D2; and
J3D2 to J3D15; and
J4D2 to J4D7; and
J5D2 to J5D8; and
J6D2 to J6D13; and
J7D2 to J7D9; and
J8D2 to J8D4; and
J9D2 to J9D5.

(2) Where a Performance Solution is proposed, the relevant Performance Requirements must be determined in accordance with A2G2(3) and A2G4(3) as applicable.

2019: J6.0

Options Guide

State variations

Print Clause Save Clause Copy Clause Email

To clarify that the requirements of J1P1 to J1P4 will be satisfied if a building complies with Parts J2 to J9.

See comments on J2D1.

J7D2

Application of Part

2019: J6.1

J7D3, J7D4 and J7D6(1)(b) do not apply to a Class 8 electricity network substation.

2019: J6.1

Options Guide

State variations

Print Clause Save Clause Copy Clause Email

J7D3, J7D4, and J7D6(1)(b) do not apply to Class 8 electricity network substations. The safety of workers requires manual lighting controls for inspection and maintenance activities of hazardous high voltage equipment.

J7D3

Artificial lighting

2019: J6.2

(1) In a sole-occupancy unit of a Class 2 building or a Class 4 part of a building—

the lamp power density or illumination power density of artificial lighting must not exceed the allowance of—
1. 5 W/m² within a sole-occupancy unit; and
2. 4 W/m² on a verandah, balcony or the like attached to a sole-occupancy unit; and
the illumination power density allowance in (a) may be increased by dividing it by the illumination power density adjustment factor for a control device in Table J7D3b as applicable; and
when designing the lamp power density or illumination power density, the power of the proposed installation must be used rather than nominal allowances for exposed batten holders or luminaires; and
halogen lamps must be separately switched from fluorescent lamps.

(2) In a building other than a sole-occupancy unit of a Class 2 building or a Class 4 part of a building—

for artificial lighting, the aggregate design illumination power load must not exceed the sum of the allowances obtained by multiplying the area of each space by the maximum illumination power density in Table J7D3a; and
the aggregate design illumination power load in (a) is the sum of the design illumination power loads in each of the spaces served; and
where there are multiple lighting systems serving the same space, the design illumination power load for (b) is—
1. the total illumination power load of all systems; or
2. where a control system permits only one system to operate at a time based on the highest illumination power load; or determined by the formula—
  $[H \times T / 2 + P \times (100 - T / 2] / 100$
In the formula at (c)(ii)—
1. $H$
  = the highest illumination power load; and
2. $T$
  = the time for which the maximum illumination power load will occur, expressed as a percentage; and
3. $P$
  = the predominant illumination power load.

(3) The requirements of (1) and (2) do not apply to the following:

Emergency lighting provided in accordance with Part E4.
Signage, display lighting within cabinets and display cases that are fixed in place.
Lighting for accommodation within the residential part of a detention centre.
A heater where the heater also emits light, such as in bathrooms.
Lighting of a specialist process nature such as in a surgical operating theatre, fume cupboard or clean workstation.
Lighting of performances such as theatrical or sporting.
Lighting for the permanent display and preservation of works of art or objects in a museum or gallery other than for retail sale, purchase or auction.
Lighting installed solely to provide photosynthetically active radiation for indoor plant growth on green walls and the like.

(4) For the purposes of Table J7D3b, the following control devices must comply with Specification 40:

Lighting timers.
Motion detectors.
Daylight sensors and dynamic lighting control devices.

Table J7D3a Maximum illumination power density

Space	Maximum illumination power density (W/m²)
Auditorium, church and public hall	8
Board room and conference room	5
Carpark - general	2
Carpark - entry zone (first 15 m of travel) during the daytime	11.5
Carpark - entry zone (next 4 m of travel) during the day	2.5
Carpark - entry zone (first 20 m of travel) during night time	2.5
Common rooms, spaces and corridors in a Class 2 building	4.5
Control room, switch room and the like - intermittent monitoring	3
Control room, switch room and the like - constant monitoring	4.5
Corridors	5
Courtroom	4.5
Dormitory of a Class 3 building used for sleeping only	3
Dormitory of a Class 3 building used for sleeping and study	4
Entry lobby from outside the building	9
Health-care - infants' and children's wards and emergency department	4
Health-care - examination room	4.5
Health-care - examination room in intensive care and high dependency ward	6
Health-care - all other patient care areas including wards and corridors	2.5
Kitchen and food preparation area	4
Laboratory - artificially lit to an ambient level of 400 lx or more	6
Library - stack and shelving area	2.5
Library - reading room and general areas	4.5
Lounge area for communal use in a Class 3 or 9c building	4.5
Museum and gallery - circulation, cleaning and service lighting	2.5
Office - artificially lit to an ambient level of 200 lx or more	4.5
Office - artificially lit to an ambient level of less than 200 lx	2.5
Plant room where an average of 160 lx vertical illuminance is required on a vertical panel such as in switch rooms	4
Plant rooms with a horizontal illuminance target of 80 lx	2
Restaurant, café, bar, hotel lounge and a space for the serving and consumption of food or drinks	14
Retail space including a museum and gallery whose purpose is the sale of objects	14
School - general purpose learning areas and tutorial rooms	4.5
Sole-occupancy unit of a Class 3 or 9c building	5
Storage	1.5
Service area, cleaner's room and the like	1.5
Toilet, locker room, staff room, rest room and the like	3
Wholesale storage area with a vertical illuminance target of 160 lx	4
Stairways, including fire-isolated stairways	2
Lift cars	3

Table Notes

In areas not listed above, the maximum illumination power density is—
1. for an illuminance not more than 80 lx, 2 W/m²; and
2. for an illuminance more than 80 lx and not more than 160 lx, 2.5 W/m²; and
3. for an illuminance more than 160 lx and not more than 240 lx, 3 W/m²; and
4. for an illuminance more than 240 lx and not more than 320 lx, 4.5 W/m²; and
5. for an illuminance more than 320 lx and not more than 400 lx, 6 W/m²; and
6. for an illuminance more than 400 lx and not more than 600 lx, 10 W/m²; and
7. for an illuminance more than 600 lx and not more than 800 lx, 11.5 W/m².
For enclosed spaces with a Room Aspect Ratio of less than 1.5, the maximum illumination power density may be increased by dividing it by an adjustment factor for room aspect which is 0.5 + (Room Aspect Ratio/3).
The Room Aspect Ratio of the enclosed space is determined by the formula: A/(H x C), where—
1. A is the area of the enclosed space; and
2. H is the height of the space measured from the floor to the highest part of the ceiling; and
3. C is the perimeter of the enclosed space at floor level.
In addition to 2, the maximum illumination power density may be increased by dividing it by the illumination power density adjustment factor in Table J7D3b and Table J7D3c and where the control device is not installed to comply with J6D4.
Circulation spaces are included in the allowances listed in the Table.

Table J7D3b Illumination power density adjustment factor for a control device

Item ^N^{otes 1 and 2}	Description	illumination power density adjustment factor
Motion detector	In a toilet or change room, other than a public toilet, in a Class 6 building	0.4
Motion detector	Where a group of light fittings serving less than 100 m² is controlled by one or more detectors	0.6
Motion detector	Where a group of light fittings serving 100 m² or more is controlled by one or more detectors	0.7
Programmable dimming system ^{Note 3}	Where not less than 75% of the area of a space is controlled by programmable dimmers	0.85
Fixed dimming ^{Notes 3 and 4}	All fittings with fixed dimming	Whichever is greater of (a) 0.5; or (b) 0.2+0.8L where L = the illuminance turndown for the fixed dimming.
Lumen depreciation dimming ^{Note 3}	All fittings with lumen depreciation dimming	0.85
Two stage sensor - equipped lights with minimum power of 30 % of peak power or less	Fire stairs and other spaces not used for regular transit	0.4
Two stage sensor - equipped lights with minimum power of 30% of peak power or less	Transitory spaces in regular use or in a carpark	0.7
Daylight sensor and dynamic lighting control device - dimmed or stepped switching of lights adjacent windows ^{Notes 3 and 5}	In a Class 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9b building or a Class 9a building, other than a ward area, where the lights are adjacent windows, other than roof lights, for a distance from the window equal to the depth of the floor to window head height	0.5 ^{Note 3}
Daylight sensor and dynamic lighting control device - dimmed or stepped switching of lights adjacent windows ^{Notes 3}^{and 5}	Serving a Class 3 or 9c building, or a Class 9a ward area, where the lights are adjacent windows, other than roof lights, for a distance from the window equal to the depth of the floor to window head height	0.75 ^{Note 3}
Daylight sensor and dynamic lighting control device - dimmed or stepped switching of lights adjacent windows ^{Notes 3 and 5}	In a Class 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9b building or a Class 9a building, other than a ward area, where the lights are adjacent roof lights	0.6 ^{Note 3}
Daylight sensor and dynamic lighting control device - dimmed or stepped switching of lights adjacent windows ^{Notes 3 and 5}	In a Class 3 or 9c building, or a Class 9a ward area, where the lights are adjacent roof lights	0.8 ^{Note 3}

Table Notes

A maximum of two illumination power density adjustment factors for a control device can be applied to an area.
Where more than one illumination power density adjustment factor (other than for room aspect) applies to an area, they are to be combined using the following formula: A x (B + [(1 - B)/2]), where—
1. A is the lowest applicable illumination power density adjustment factor; and
2. B is the second lowest applicable illumination power density adjustment factor.
The adjustment factor does not apply to tungsten, halogen or other incandescent sources.
Includes luminaires with a pre-programmed function which provides dimming from ON to OFF (one-stage dimming).
The illumination power density adjustment factor is only applied to lights controlled by daylight sensors between 8:00 am and 7:00 pm.

Light source	Description	Illumination power density adjustment factor
CRI ≥ 90	Where lighting with good colour rendering is used	0.9
CCT ≤ 3500 K ^Note	Where lighting with a warm appearance is used	0.8
CCT ≥ 4500 K	Where lighting with a cool appearance is used	1.1

2019: J6.2

Options Guide

State variations

Print Clause Save Clause Copy Clause Email

To set the minimum requirements for the level of interior artificial lighting.

J7D3(1) - Sole-occupancy units of Class 2 buildings or a Class 4 part

There are two approaches available for the sole-occupancy units of residential buildings in J7D3(1)(a).They are a lamp power density approach or an illumination power density approach. The former is simpler while the latter provides considerably more flexibility for a dwelling with sophisticated lighting control systems. 5 W/m2 for inside a dwelling is the criterion in both approaches.

Lamp power density is the simpler means of setting energy consumption at an efficient level for sole-occupancy units of Class 2 buildings or a Class 4 part of a building. It is a defined term and is calculated by adding the maximum power ratings of all the permanently wired lamps in a space and dividing this sum by the area of the space. With this approach there are no concessions for using timers, motion detectors or other control devices.

If the illumination power density approach is used the 5 W/m2 can be increased by dividing it by the illumination power density adjustment factor in Table J7D3b where applicable. This more complex approach has been included as an increasing number of dwellings are using sophisticated control systems in order to reduce their energy consumption.

Lamps plugged into general purpose socket outlets are excluded through the definition of lamp power density and illumination power density because of the difficulty in regulating such portable appliances.

When illumination power density and one or more control devices are used, the adjustment factor is only applied to the space(s) served by the control device. The adjusted allowance for this space is then combined with the allowances for the remaining spaces using an area weighted average, which subsequently increases the allowance provided in J7D3(1)(a)(i) or (ii).

The area of the space refers to the area the lights serve. This could be considered a single room, open plan space, verandah, balcony or the like, or the total area of all these spaces.

To comply with J7D3(1)(a), the design lamp power density or design illumination power density must be less than or equal to the allowance. Trading of allowances between J7D3(1)(a)(i) and (ii) is not permitted.

J7D3(1)(a)(ii) includes outdoor living spaces such as verandahs, balconies, patios, alfresco spaces or the like that are attached to a sole-occupancy unit of a Class 2 building or Class 4 part of a building.

J7D3(1)(c) requires the power of the proposed installation to be used and may mean the light fittings be specified or some other administrative condition be applied.

J7D3(1)(d) requires the less efficient halogen lamps to be separately switched from fluorescent lamps. This is because the halogens may not be needed all the time but would have to be on if they were controlled by the same switch as the more efficient fluorescent.

J7D3(2) - Buildings except for sole-occupancy units of Class 2 buildings or a Class 4 part

J7D3(2) covers other building classifications. Requirements for these types of buildings are more detailed than the requirements for sole-occupancy units of Class 2 buildings or a Class 4 part, in order to cater for the greater range of applications.

Where lamp power density or illumination power density may be used for sole-occupancy units in Class 2 buildings or a Class 4 part of a building, only illumination power density (IPD) can be used to measure compliance for all other applications.

Lighting in non-residential commercial buildings is progressively moving towards the use of LED lamps for general lighting and for special lighting. At present other lamps are available, but because of the shift to LED lamps for general lighting, the illumination power density levels in Part J7 reflect this newer technology. The aggregated design illumination load is the maximum load in the lamp’s operational cycle.

J7D3(2)(a) describes the process for determining the illumination power allowance for artificial lighting, however it does not apply to the sole-occupancy units of a Class 2 building or a Class 4 part of a building.

Illumination power density values

The maximum values in Table J7D3a have been derived on the basis of a lighting design complying with the recommendations of AS 1680 for the nature of the task, including an allowance for a safety margin in design and the physical limitation of placing a discrete number of fittings in a uniform array. The maintained illuminance will be designed to suit the use of the area and again is based on the illuminance levels in AS 1680 or an equivalent document from an overseas standards organisation. However, the levels are not being controlled by Section J; only the power allowance for achieving the desired illuminance.

Guide Table J7D3 shows how some of the illumination power density values correspond to the lighting levels of AS 1680. The allowance is for the power supply to the lighting.

The values have been generally set at a level that can be achieved with reasonable surface reflectances, direct (rather than indirect) lighting, and low loss control gear. The use of the space has also been taken into account. However, Performance Solutions, developed to the satisfaction of the local building control authority, can be used for spaces that have complex or specific lighting needs. AS 1680.1 includes scenarios of where it may be appropriate for higher illumination levels. Where higher illumination levels can be justified to the local building control authority, a Performance Solution based on the notes to Table J7D3a could be developed.

Alternatively, energy saved by more efficientbuilding services or through the installation of on-site renewable energy systems may also be used to increase the allowances for lighting, again subject to the approval of the local building control authority.

There are two levels for offices. General open areas that are lit to more than 200 lx may use 4.5 W/m2. For offices lit to less than 200 lx, where task lighting is intended to supplement the general lighting, the maximum for the generallighting is only 2.5 W/m2.

The table provides values based on the illuminance level.

Illumination power density adjustment factors

It is recognised that there are many variables in lighting that limit the ability to achieve the maximum illumination power density. One is the size of the room and so note 2 of Table J7D3a explains how the illumination power density may be increased for small rooms. A further series of adjustment factors have been included in Table J7D3b and Table J7D3c that allow credit for additional energy control devices or to allow the use of high Colour Rendition Lights.

The adjustment factors are applied to the maximum illumination power density in Table J7D3a. This means that if a designer chooses to use a less efficient light source or luminaire, compliance can be achieved by the use of a supplementary control device such as an occupancy sensor or photoelectric device.

Occupancy sensors representant efficient way of tailoring the lighting to the usage of the space. The fewer lights that are controlled by an individual sensor the greater the energy saved,however, there is less cost saving on the energyto offset the cost of the sensor. Therefore, there is a graduated scale of adjustment factors for the area of lights controlled.

For lecture theatres,auditoria and large spaces of transient usage, the contribution of detectors should be assessed using a Performance Solution rather than the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions.

Table J7D3: Illumination power density values as they correspond to the lighting levels of AS 1680

Location	AS 1680 recommended illuminance, Ix	Maximum illumination power density W/m2
Auditorium, church and public hall	160	8
Board room and conference room	240	5
Carpark - general	40	2
Carpark – entry zone (first 15 m of travel)	800	11.5
Carpark – entry zone (next 4 m of travel) during daytime	160	2.5
Carpark – entry zone (first 20 m of travel) during night-time	160	2.5
Common rooms, spaces and corridors in a Class2 building	160	4.5
Control room, switch room and the like – intermittent monitoring	160	3
Control room, switch room and the like – constant monitoring	240	4.5
Corridors	240	5
Courtroom	320	4.5
Entry lobby from outside building	160	9
Health-care – infants’ and children’s ward and emergency department	240	4
Health-care – examination room	400	4.5
Health-care – examination room in intensive care and high dependency ward	400	6
Health-care – all other patient care areas including wards and corridors	240	2.5
Kitchen and food preparation areas	240	4
Laboratory - lit to 400 lx or more	400	6
Library – stack and shelving area	240	2.5
Library – reading room and general areas	320	4.5
Lounge area for communal use in a Class 3 or 9c building	240	4.5
Museum and gallery - circulation, cleaning and service lighting	240	2.5
Office – artificially lit to an ambient level of 200 lx or more	320	4.5
Office – artificially lit to an ambient level of <200 lx	160	2.5
Plant room where an average of 160 lx vertical illuminance is required on a vertical plane	160	4
Plant room with a horizontal illuminance target of 80 lx	80	2
Restaurant, café, bar, hotel lounge and a space for the serving and consumption of food or drinks	80	14
Retail space including a museum and gallery whose purpose is the sale of objects	160	14
School - generalpurpose learning areas and tutorial rooms	320	4.5
Sole-occupancy unit of a Class3 or 9c building	160	5
Storage	80	1.5
Service area, cleaners room and the like	80	1.5
Toilet, locker room,staff room, rest room and the like	80	3
Wholesale storage areawith a vertical illuminance target of 160 lx	160	4
Stairways, including fire-isolated stairways	80	2
Lift cars	160	3